Lancaster County Jail, located at 208 W. Gay St. in Lancaster, South Carolina, is a historically significant example of Robert Mills architecture, showcasing his innovative ideas on penal institution construction. Built in 1823, this stuccoed brick building with Palladian style stone quions and stringcourses features a gable roof, iron grates, and recessed arches for windows and doors. The jail's design reflects Mills' principles, such as the free circulation of air, absence of a dungeon, and classification of prisoners based on their crimes.
Designated as a National Historic Landmark, the Lancaster County Jail is a three-story structure that stands as a testament to Mills' contributions to penal reform. With its barred cages placed in the middle of the rooms, the jail ensures proper ventilation, while the allocation of prison rooms for debtors on the first floor and other cells on the second floor adheres to Mills' recommendation of classifying prisoners. This architectural gem serves as a reminder of the evolution of penal institutions and the visionary ideas of Robert Mills.
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