How the Cannonball Run Worked

The Cannonball Run didn't originally start out as a race. In 1971, there was a looming change on the horizon -- the institution of a nationwide maximum speed limit of 55 miles per hour on American interstates. Automotive journalist Brock Yates had a problem with the impending law and set out across country in a Dodge van to try to prove a point that high-speed travel across the United States by car was possible. He was quoted as saying, "Good drivers in good automobiles could employ the American interstate system the same way that Germans were using their Autobahn." Germany was and still is known for its famous high-speed highway system that has no imposed speed limit.

Yates and a crew of three men drove 2,858 miles (4,599 km) from New York to Los Angeles in the Dodge van in 40 hours, 51 minutes at an average speed of 70 miles per hour (112.6 kph). At the end of the run, Yates thought it might be a good idea to do it again and compete with other drivers, and The Cannonball Run was born. The full name of the race was the "Cannonball Baker Sea-to-Shining Sea Memorial Trophy Dash." Many people referred to it as the "Cannonball Dash," and it has since become most familiar, due in large part to the movie, as "The Cannonball Run."

The race was named for race car driver Erwin G. "Cannon Ball" Baker. Baker was famous for making more than 140 drives across the United States, starting way back in 1914. That trip was on an Indian motorcycle and took a whopping 14 days. Baker would later become the first commissioner of NASCAR and is an inductee in the Motorcycle Hall of Fame. Because of his fame for making trips from New York to California and Canada to Mexico, Yates wanted to pay homage to the racing legend. Even though Baker passed away in 1960, Yates was advised to change "Cannon Ball" to "Cannonball" in order to avoid any legal complications.

Even though there were many entries into the original Cannonball Run, only eight cars made it all the way to the starting point to participate. The first race started at the Red Ball Garage in New York City and ended at the Portofino Inn in Redondo Beach, Calif. The entry fee was a mere $50 plus another $200 to be donated to charity. The rules were as follows:

Aside from that, there were no rules. Participants could bring along 55-gallon (208-liter) drums of gasoline if they wanted, and some did. They could use radar detectors, take stops or drive straight through with the help of illicit drugs. Once you punched your time card at the Red Ball Garage, it was all up to you how you got to Redondo Beach. Some racers played it safe initially, preferring to keep it tame through states notorious for highway patrolmen, such as Connecticut, Pennsylvania and Ohio. The reasoning was that it was better to keep it around the speed limit in those states because a traffic stop could really hurt your time. Once the drivers hit the open roads of the Great Plains, all bets were off and they made up for any delays through the speed traps in the East and Midwest.

Yates was able to convince legendary driver Dan Gurney to assist him as co-pilot in a Ferrari Daytona on loan from a local car dealer. There were three vans in the pool of eight entries in the original race, and one team drove a Cadillac Sedan de Ville that belonged to an elderly man who had placed an ad in the paper to get his car from New York to California. His one stipulation was that it not be driven more than 75 miles per hour (120 kph). The "Caddie" ended up finishing in third place, at an average speed of 79.3 miles per hour (127.6 kph).

In the end, Yates and Gurney won the initial race, posting a time of 35 hours and 54 minutes. That made for an average speed of 80.8 miles per hour (130 kph). Four of the eight entrants received a total of 12 speeding tickets, including one to Gurney for doing 135 miles per hour (217 kph). The first race didn't get much press, with only Sports Illustrated and the Los Angeles Times running short pieces on the unusual trek. It was the L.A .Times article where Gurney made his now famous tongue-in-cheek quote, "At no time did we exceed 175 mph."

After the success of the first race, word got around the car community, and the next four races had more drivers clamoring for a spot. The second Cannonball Run was held the following year, had 25 entries and saw Brock Yates finish in second place to a Cadillac. The third race was delayed until 1975 and moved to spring to avoid the harsh winter conditions drivers faced with the November start. A Ferrari Dino won the third race and beat the record time set by Yates and Gurney in the first race by one minute. This time around, Time Magazine ran a story on the Cannonball and brought it more into the forefront of mainstream media.

Yates was pretty much finished with the race at this point but was convinced by his director/stuntman friend Hal Needham to write a script for an authorized movie version that Needham could helm. In order to get it right, they decided to hold one more Cannonball Run, with Yates and Needham as a driving team. So in April 1979, the last official Cannonball Run race was held with a record 46 entries. Much of what happened in the final race ended up in the movie, but in a comedic way. Yates originally wrote a script for Steve McQueen to star in, and it had a more realistic, non-comedic take on the race. McQueen passed away, and Needham's good friend Burt Reynolds filled in. "The Cannonball Run" went on to rake in more than $70 million at the box office, the seventh highest grossing movie of 1981 [source: Box Office Mojo].

Speed was important, but many of the entries in the final race depended more on outsmarting cops than outrunning them. Some of the tricks the teams used were included in the movie:

Out of the 46 original teams in the final race, 42 finished the journey. The winning car was a Jaguar XJ-S driven by Dave Heinz and Dave Yarborough. They shattered the old record with a winning time of 32 hours and 51 minutes, an average speed of 87 miles per hour (140 kph). In all, more than 50 speeding tickets were handed out in the 1979 race, and there was only one minor accident -- a broken suspension from tapping an exit ramp guard rail. As for Yates and Needham, their ambulance finally gave out and broke down about an hour outside of Palm Springs. They towed it across the finish line.